Reconhecimento à Anna Justina Ferreira Nery: mulher e personalidade da história da enfermagem / Reconocimiento a Anna Justina Ferreira Nery: mujer y personalidad en la historia de enfermería / Recognition to Anna Justina Ferreira Nery: woman and personality in nursing history

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os rituais de consolidação da figura de Anna Nery como enfermeira brasileira, heroína da Guerra do Paraguai, durante a trasladação de seus restos mortais à cidade de Cachoeira (BA). Método Estudo histórico-social em fontes documentais impressas e fotográficas, pertencentes aos acervos do Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia e da Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira da Biblioteca Nacional. Análise de informações impressas com base em Bardin, e na iconologia para as fontes imagéticas. Resultados Revelam-se dois aspectos fulcrais, a legitimação de uma enfermeira heroína pelo Estado e o processo trasladatório com suas interfaces e aspectos históricos, políticos, econômicos e sociais. Destaca-se a construção de um ícone feminino, cívico e herói atrelada à efervescência da discussão de gênero que contribui para forjar a identidade profissional no ensino de enfermagem. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o estudo permite compreender os determinantes e implicações dos fatos históricos na biografia de Anna Nery para a Enfermagem e Enfermeiras, revelando os rituais do traslado de seus restos mortais e suas influências na construção da imagem social da mulher e da mulher enfermeira.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los rituales de consolidación de la figura de Anna Nery como enfermera brasileña, heroína de la Guerra del Paraguay, durante el traslado de sus restos a la ciudad de Cachoeira (BA). Método Estudio histórico-social en fuentes documentales impresas y fotográficas, pertenecientes a las colecciones del Centro de Documentación de la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Bahía y la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de la Biblioteca Nacional. El análisis de la información impresa se basó en Bardin y en la iconología para las fuentes de imágenes. Resultados Se revelan dos aspectos clave, la legitimación de una enfermera heroína por parte del Estado y el proceso de transferencia con sus interfaces y aspectos históricos, políticos, económicos y sociales. Se destaca la construcción de un ícono femenino, cívico y heroico vinculado a la efervescencia de la discusión de género que contribuye a forjar la identidad profesional en la educación de la enfermería. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El estudio permite comprender los determinantes e implicaciones de los hechos históricos en la biografía de Anna Nery para la Enfermería y Enfermeras, revelando los rituales del traslado de sus restos y sus influencias en la construcción de la imagen social de las mujeres y las enfermeras.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the rituals of consolidation of the character of Anna Nery as a Brazilian nurse, the heroine of the War of Paraguay, during the transfer of her remains to the city of Cachoeira (BA). Method Socio-historical study in printed and photographic documentary sources, belonging to the collections of the Anna Nery Nursing School Documentation Center of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Nursing School of the Federal University of Bahia and the Brazilian Digital Library of the National Library. Analysis of printed information was based on Bardin, and iconology for imagery sources. Results Two key aspects are revealed, the legitimacy of a heroin nurse by the State and the transfer process with its interfaces and historical, political, economic, and social aspects. It highlights the construction of a female, civic, and hero icon linked to the effervescence of the gender discussion that contributes to shaping professional identity in nursing education. Conclusion and implications for practice The study allows to understand the determinants and implications of historical facts in Anna Nery´s biography for Nursing and Nurses, revealing the rituals of the transfer of her remains and their influences in the construction of the social image of women and nurse women.

Florence Nightingale como tema no ensino de história da enfermagem / Florence Nightingale como tema en la enseñanza de historia de la enfermería / Florence Nightingale as a theme in the teaching of nursing history

Florence Nightingale é uma personalidade ímpar na história das mulheres. Seu destaque está na contribuição que deu ao mundo ao construir bases profissionais para a enfermagem bem como para a bioestatística. Objetivos: elencar o conteúdo programático ministrado sobre a biografia de Florence Nightingale em Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem e discutir sua importância para a formação da identidade profissional. Método: Estudo documental que usou como fontes o Plano de Aula sobre a personagem Florence Nightingale ministrado por professores de sete Instituições de Ensino Superior. A análise e discussão foram feitas à luz de autores que versam sobre o ensino de história e pelo referencial de identidade social e identidade profissional de Claude Dubar. Resultados: a biografia de Nightingale é tratada em todos os programas dos cursos estudados, com destaque para seus feitos na guerra da Criméia e as consequências para a profissionalização da enfermagem, também se evidencia a transdisciplinaridade a partir deste tema. Considerações finais: a biografia mostra o legado de Nightingale enquanto precursora da enfermagem moderna e permite evidenciar a relação da identidade profissional e identidade social da enfermagem.

Florence Nightingale is a unique personality in the history of women. Her highlight is the contribution she made to the world in building professional bases for nursing as well as for biostatistics. Objectives: to list the syllabus taught on Florence Nightingale's biography in Undergraduate Nursing Courses and discuss its importance for the formation of professional identity. Method: Documentary study that used as sources the Lesson Plan on the character Florence Nightingale taught by teachers from seven Higher Education Institutions. The analysis and discussion were carried out in the light of authors dealing with the teaching of history and by Claude Dubar's social identity and professional identity. Results: Nightingale's biography is treated in all the programs of the courses studied, with emphasis on his achievements in the Crimean war and the consequences for the professionalization of nursing, the transdisciplinarity based on this theme is also evident. Final considerations: the biography shows the legacy of Nightingale as a precursor of modern nursing and allows to evidence the relationship of professional identity and social identity of nursing.

Florence Nightingale es una personalidad impar para la historia de las mujeres. Su notoriedad se por cuenta de la contribución que dio al mundo al construir bases profesionales para la enfermería, así como para la bioestadística. Objetivos: especificar el contenido programático impartido sobre la biografía de Florence Nightingale en cursos de graduación en enfermería y discutir su importancia para la formación de la identidad profesional. Método: Estudio documental usando como fuentes el plan de clase sobre el personaje Florence Nightingale impartido por profesores de siete instituciones de enseñanza superior. Los análisis y discusiones fueron hechos a la luz de autores que versan sobre la enseñanza de historia y bajo el referencial de identidad social y profesional de Claude Dubar. Resultados: la biografía de Nightingale es tratada en todos los programas de los cursos estudiados, siendo los hechos en la guerra de la Crimea y las consecuencias para la profesionalización de la enfermería los más destacados, además, se evidencia el carácter transdisciplinario a partir de este tema. Consideraciones finales: la biografía enseña el legado de Nightingale mientras precursora de la enfermería moderna y permite evidenciar la relación de la identidad profesional y social de la enfermería.

Emergency nursing: the Institute of Hygiene's performance during the brazilian civil war of 1932 / Enfermería de Emergencia: la actuación del Instituto de Higiene durante la guerra civil brasileña de 1932 / Enfermagem de emergência: a atuação do Instituto de Higiene durante a guerra civil brasileira de 1932

Abstract Objectives: to analyze and describe the São Paulo Institute of Hygiene's performance, now the School of Public Health of the Universidade de São Paulo, in the training of emergency nurses during the Brazilian Civil War. Method: descriptive, historical-documentary study. Results: ministered from July 13 to August 31, 1932 to 383 students, in five classes, with an average of ten days of class. The discipline First Aid to the Wounded of Trenches is highlighted and was ministered by the nurse Iracema Niebler. At the end of the course, the students graduated and made up the List of Nurses of the Barracks Battalion of São Paulo. Conclusion and implications for the practice: the Institute of Hygiene's performance in the training of civilians in emergency/war nurses revealed the institutional political alignment with the revolutionary movement of 1932, as well as the historical rescue of one of the first initiatives to train hands-on nurses assist in emergency situations during the most emblematic brazilian Civil War of 1932.

Resumen Objetivos: analizar y describir la actuación del Instituto de Higiene de São Paulo, actual Facultad de Salud Pública de la USP, en la formación de enfermeros de emergencia durante la Guerra Civil de 1932. Método: estudio descriptivo, histórico-documental. Resultados: ministrado entre el 13 de julio al 31 de agosto 1932, para 383 alumnas, en cinco grupos, con media de diez días de clases. Se destaca la disciplina Primeros Auxilios a los Heridos de Trincheras, ministrada por la enfermera Iracema Niebler. Al final del curso, los alumnos eran diplomados y componían la Lista de Enfermeras del Cuartel del Batallón Paulista. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: la actuación del Instituto de Higiene en la formación de civiles en enfermeros de emergencia/guerra reveló la alineación política institucional con el movimiento revolucionario de 1932, como también posibilitó el rescate histórico de una de las primeras iniciativas de capacitación de enfermeros prácticos para asistencia en situaciones de emergencia, durante la más emblemática Guerra Civil brasileña de 1932.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar e drescrever a atuação do Instituto de Higiene de São Paulo, atual Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, na formação de enfermeiros de emergência durante a Guerra Civil brasileira de 1932. Método: estudo descritivo, histórico-documental. Resultados: ministrado entre 13 de julho a 31 de agosto de 1932, para 383 alunas, em cinco turmas, com média de dez dias de aula. Destaca-se a disciplina Primeiros Socorros aos Feridos de Trincheiras, ministrada pela enfermeira Iracema Niebler. Ao fim do curso, os alunos foram diplomados e compuseram a Lista de Enfermeiras do Quartel do Batalhão Paulista. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: a atuação do Instituto de Higiene na formação de civis em enfermeiros de emergência/guerra revelou o alinhamento político institucional com o movimento revolucionário de 1932, como também possibilitou o resgate histórico de uma das primeiras iniciativas de capacitação de enfermeiros práticos para assistência em situações de emergência, durante a mais emblemática Guerra Civil brasileira.

Military Brain Science - How to influence future wars / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Military Brain Science is a cutting-edge innovative science that uses potential military application as the guidance. It was preliminarily divided into 9 aspects by authors: understanding the brain, protecting the brain, monitoring the brain, injuring the brain, interfering with the brain, repairing the brain, enhancing the brain, simulating the brain and arming the brain. In this review, we attempt to propose the concept, content and meaning of the Military Brain Science, with the hope to provide some enlightenment and understanding of the research area.

Santos y beatos de la medicina en las grandes guerras del siglo XX

In the political and social context of World War periods and unstoppable technological advances, health professionals in the early twentieth century tried to orientate the practice of medicine towards a modern anthropological concept close to the biomedical perspective, which defends the dignity of a person. Threatened by the risks represented by collectivism and the meanness of the prevailing repressive governments, a personal struggle for the defense of life aroused, which was socially expressed by the advent of bioethics, psychoanalytic theories and the concept that environment has an important role in peoples health and welfare. And above all, the appearance of a paradoxical claim of religious ideals as support of science in times of overall crisis.

Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective.

ABSTRACT: The discussion is based around these issues, history of Human Rights, timeline for Human Rights history, question asked in this regard and enemy and friend of „human rights‟. Describing the problems and its resolve from logical reasoning perspective; intellectual argumentation based on logical reason of, what is universal human right, democracy and illegal wars in the world by super powers as example America? Attempt to describe the inner construction of a human being-perfection-. Introduction to the concept of infallibility in different parts in the article, purify yourself and being purified. What is it, is it possible for a creation named human to be not fallible, is the idea or practicing it impossible or there is a great sphere of being able to practicing it and reaching the status if one finds guidance for the right way with peace and human rights prevailed in the world. Majority of the thought in the text, based on hadith-tradition- from the Prophet of Islam Peace upon Him and His family Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them.

Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective.

Abstract: The discussion is based around these issues, history of Human Rights, timeline for Human Rights history, question asked in this regard and enemy and friend of ‘human rights’. Describing the problems and its resolve from logical reasoning perspective; intellectual argumentation based on logical reason of, what is universal human right, democracy and illegal wars in the world by super powers as example America? Attempt to describe the inner construction of a human being-perfection-. Introduction to the concept of infallibility in different parts in the article, purify yourself and being purified. What is it, is it possible for a creation named human to be not fallible, is the idea or practicing it impossible or there is a great sphere of being able to practicing it and reaching the status if one finds guidance for the right way with peace and human rights prevailed in the world. Majority of the thought in the text, based on hadith-tradition- from the Prophet of Islam Peace upon Him and His family Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them.

Colombia y geopolítica hoy / Colombia and geopolitics today

Este escrito de investigación, esboza los aspectos centrales que pueden ayudar a comprender la importancia geopolítica del territorio colombiano en la guerra mundial por los recursos, el punto de partida indispensable para entender las guerras de agresión contra los pueblos que hoy adelantan las potencias imperialistas, encabezadas por los Estados Unidos.

This research brief outlines the core aspects that can help understand the geopolitical importance of the Colombian territory in the world war for the natural resources, being the essential starting point to understand the wars of aggression against the peoples today, by the imperialist powers, led by the United States.

Médicos combatientes / Combating doctors

Se hace un pequeño recuento de la labor realizada por un grupo de médicos que a lo largo de la historia de las luchas independentistas cubanas, tanto en la colonia como más tarde en el enfrentamiento contra las dictaduras de Gerardo Machado y Fulgencio Batista hicieron importantes contribuciones al ejercicio de la profesión y también como combatientes revolucionarios. Se profundiza en la vida y la obra poco conocida del médico y botánico cubano del siglo XIX Sebastián Alfredo de Morales González quien fuera acusado de conspirador por sus ideales de libertad e independencia para la isla de cuba. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar una síntesis biográfica de algunos de estos médicos para agruparlas en un documento que sea de fácil acceso a estudiantes y profesores. Se concluye planteando la labor humana, revolucionaria y profesional de estas figuras que son paradigmas de la medicina cubana del siglo XIX y XX.

A small recount is made about a group of doctors who have made important contributions not only as professionals but as revolutionary fighters along the history of our country in the war of independence against the Spanish colony and later on against Gerardo Machado and Fulgencio Batista s dictatorships. We also made a careful study of the life and work of the Cuban Botanic and Doctor of the XIX century Dr. Sebastian Alfredo de Morales Gonzalez who was accused of conspiracy because of his ideas of freedom and independence for his island. The main objective of the work is to present a biographic synthesis of some of these doctors to group them together into a single document for easy access to students and professors. The work is concluded setting up the human, revolutionary and professional work of these figures who are a paradigm of the Cuban Medicine in the XIX and XX centuries.

War is hazardous for your health: photographs and testimonies about death, wounds, disease and medical care during the Mexican Revolution / Guerra é prejudicial à sua saúde: fotografias e testemunhos sobre morte, ferimentos, doenças e cuidados médicos durante a Revolução Mexicana

Revolutionary wars have devastating and far-reaching effects on the health of the populations caught up in them. However, the deaths and injuries produced by weaponry are only part of the story, because diseases resulting from malnutrition and contaminated drinking water account for the majority of medical problems. This essay uses photographs and testimonies of participants to explore health issues during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), as well as incorporating secondary literature on this question. Furthermore, photographic images are not presented as simple (indexical) windows onto the world. Rather, the author attempts to identify the imagemakers and provide explanations that help in imagining the reasons behind the making of the photographs.

Revoluções armadas têm efeitos devastadores e de longo alcance sobre a saúde das populações envolvidas. No entanto, mortes e ferimentos produzidos por armas são apenas parte da história, pois doenças resultantes de má nutrição e contaminação da água potável são responsáveis pela maior parte dos problemas médicos. O artigo utiliza fotografias e testemunhos de participantes para investigar questões de saúde durante a Revolução Mexicana (1910-1920), incorporando também literatura secundária sobre a questão. As imagens fotográficas não são apresentadas simplesmente como janelas (indexadores) para o mundo. Tenta-se identificar os autores das imagens e construir explanações que ajudem a imaginar as razões por que cada fotografia foi tirada.

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima e as relações teuto-brasileiras (1901-1956) / The career of Henrique da Rocha Lima and German-Brazilian relations (1901-1956)

A trajetória de Henrique da Rocha Lima vincula-se estreitamente às relações científicas e culturais entre Brasil e Alemanha. Seus trabalhos científicos foram produzidos em instituições de pesquisa biomédica dos dois países, mas foi na Alemanha que ele conquistou projeção internacional, graças a suas pesquisas nos campos da microbiologia, patologia e medicina tropical. Lastreado pelo prestígio e boa inserção nas comunidades científicas brasileira e alemã, contribuiu para o estreitamento do intercâmbio intelectual entre os dois países, mobilizando diversos personagens e instituições como pontos de apoio. Apresentam-se percalços e desafios impostos pelo estudo desse personagem complexo, cuja trajetória lança luz, a um só tempo, sobre os meandros das relações científicas internacionais e sobre processos sócio-históricos marcantes na institucionalização das ciências no Brasil.

The career of Henrique da Rocha Lima is closely linked to cultural and scientific relations between Brazil and Germany. He pursued his scientific work at biomedical research institutions in both countries, but it was in Germany that he attained international standing, thanks to his research in the fields of microbiology, pathology and tropical medicine. His prestige and active participation in both Brazil's and Germany's scientific communities meant he was able to further academic interchange between both nations, mobilizing many people and institutions to contribute to this process. I present the obstacles and challenges faced in studying this complex character, whose career sheds light on the machinations of international scientific relations and some socio-historical processes that marked the institutionalization of science in Brazil.

Trade, Wars and the Venereal Disease: VD Epidemic and Control of Korea in the late Nineteen and early Twentieth Century / 의사학

This paper examines the spread of venereal disease from the Opening of Korea to the early Japanese colonial period. It focuses on the formation and expansion of Japanese settlement in Korea, the influence of wars, and the state control of VD. The Opening of Korea made the foreign settlement, and Japanese licensed prostitution flourished in Japanese settlement. According to the First Annual Report of the Korean Government Hospital(1886) and Gyelimuisa(1887), VD patients occupied 18.3% of outpatients in Jejungwon hospital of Seoul and 8.9% of outpatients in Busan hospital. Directly after the Opening of Korea, Korean people's VD became lesser critical than Japanese people's VD. But the expansion of Japanese settlement and outbreak of two wars such as Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War made worse Korean people's VD. According to the Residency-General resources(1904-1909), syphilis patients was registered in 0.8~6.6%(average 3.6%). If it add to gonorrhea and chancroid patients which often could not be found out by the naked eyes, the number of VD patients will be increase. Ji Seok-yeong(1855-1935), the earliest smallpox vaccinarian in Korea, asserted the need of VD control. Though he warned men bought sex as well as prostitutes became the main culprit of VD diffusion, he supported licensed prostitution because of realistic possibility. The Great Han Empire(1897-1910) tried to control the lower grade whore, and gathered prostitutes in some area by police power. After Japanese annexation of Korea, while Japanese has gradually decreased in VD patients, Korean has gradually increased in VD patients.

Psicodinâmica da violência de grandes grupos e da violência de massas / Large-group psychodynamics and massive violence

A partir de Freud, as teorias psicanalistas sobre grandes grupos focalizam, principalmente, as percepções e os significados que, psicologicamente, os indivíduos atribuem a eles. Este texto analisa alguns aspectos sobre a psicologia dos grandes grupos e sua psicodinâmica interna e específica. Toma como referência grupos étnicos, nacionais, religiosos e ideológicos cujo pertencimento dos sujeitos iniciou-se na infância. O autor faz uma comparação entre o processo de luto em indivíduos e o processo de luto em grandes grupos para ilustrar por que é necessário investir no conhecimento da psicologia destes últimos como um objeto específico. O autor descreve, ainda, sinais e sintomas de regressão em grandes grupos. Quando há ameaça à identidade coletiva, pode ocorrer um processo de violência de massas que obviamente influencia a saúde pública.

Beginning with Freud, psychoanalytic theories concerning large groups have mainly focused on individuals' perceptions of what their large groups psychologically mean to them. This text examines some aspects of large-group psychology in its own right and studies psychodynamics of ethnic, national, religious or ideological groups, the membership of which originates in childhood. I will compare the mourning process in individuals with the mourning process in large groups to illustrate why we need to study large-group psychology as a subject in itself. As part of this discussion I will also describe signs and symptoms of large-group regression.When there is a threat against a large-group's identity, massive violence may be initiated and this violence in turn, has an obvious impact on public health.

The levels of blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin for healthy urban population in Korea / 예방의학회지

Hemoglobin(Hb), zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and blood lead(PbB) levels were determined for 1,851 blood samples collected from healthy urban population to establish reliable baselines for Hb, ZPP and PbB levels by age and sex. ZPP values were analyzed with a Hmatofluorometer and PbB determinations were concurrently carried out using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The blood sampling period was about 6 months from May, 1991 and the summarized results were as follows; 1. The mean value of Hb in male female were 14.55+/-1.81 g/dl and 12.61+/-1.81 g/dl respectively and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. The mean value of ZPP in pre-schoolchildren was 37.49+/-13.31 microgram/dl for male, 35.77+/-11.85 microgram/dl for female and that of ZPP in after 7 years groups was 31.91+/-8.23 microgram/dl for male, 30.11+/-9.11 microgram/dl for female and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 3. The mean value of PbB in pre-schoolchildren was 25.10+/-5.21 microgram/dl for male, 24.45+/-4.18 microgram/dl for female and that of PbB in after 7 years groups was 24.28+/-3.00 microgram/dl for male, 21.99+/-5.05 microgram/dl for female and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05).